Binding books



Aug. '15, 1944.

J. J. KREHBIEL BINDING BOOK Filed May 15, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 .v Mir...I l l l, 35 27 E1/2W :mir R .y

y M l g a FIG. l. I l E 530i 1 a :g l. 737 1' L l ,5%--.1 /L- Ln--. INVENTOR. FIG. 4* 59 l 28g. 36' JOHN J. KRL-'Hala A TTORNE'Y J. ...L KREHBEL BINDING BOOK -Aug' .2 Sheeis-Sheet, 2

FIG. I3,

I INVENTOR, ./aH/V J. KRE///@L- Patented Aug. l5, 1944 UNIT-ED .s-TAIES lasire-ENfrN OFFICE -l y #2,355,737

BmmNGooKs y JbhwJ-iirehbiel-Bridgeport-Conn- ,--Apelicaticn-Mayns, 1941,-,sena1A-No..393,162

- ',-This invention concerns bindingsfforrbooksiof sheets like 'stacks of paperfor instance,y or of folded, gathered, collated-and-se'wedor.` stitched material; or material assembled orplacedfto- ,--gether in any one `of those-waysg-'and `themethod ofapplying such bindings'. H f, The application is-a continuation in part-of my -United States Patent application f.Serial No. f :181,034, led on December 21,;1937,-and-originally 1: entitled Binding for books-and the like.

In the present. art-.ofbinding-books thereare '..separate-.steps of case making and. covering, f to whicha finishing --operationmay be-added.

,'It is an object of this-invention to combine the case linaking, or atleast them'aking of partof `the z-case, with the covering-into one; casing-operation. -rAnotllerobject of the invention -providesbooks having afhandy,- smooth and durable casing.

r'It isa moreparticular object-ofthis invention -to eifect-such casing -byshaping,-molding; spray- Y i ing, casting, pressing or bindinga-plastic onto a ibook of-fsheets or by--dip-ping-the--book into lthe plastic. Other objects-will come to the fore during the I following discussion of this'inventiom I f vI have observed that---manyof the presenteday :.-plastics, such-as condensation products which can be cast under pressure-at" comparativelyg'little 1 heat,- may beformed onto and'around, and will readily-engage upon paper and thevarious materials used in the lining of books. That has lead i to the instant invention, in which a cover "is virtually cast onto or around a book. Y

I have also discovered thatfplasticsreduced to a highly liquid state will welLbondthe'edges-of the-sheets off'abook to -which they` are applied, and that suchbond will remain effective wherrthe plastic lis then reduced toa sldorgsubstantially solid state. j i

- Of the class of plasticstheterm plastics is'to be -giventhe broadest posslblel interpretation for the .instant purposes-all those-come intoques- '.tionwhichk pass-or may bereduced from-oneof 4*said sta-tes to the other at temperatures and wunder other conditions not-injurious to' the -paperz n or .other material `to be bondedand bound therewby. 'A plastic, which relies substantially- -Wholly upon the evaporation of y.Water forl-s`et'ting.,` is for instance not desirable in connection-withia'thin bock of hygroscopic paper, because thefpaper may `warp and theA book may wrinkle. Plasticswhi-ch .shrink comparatively little in setting into thin tough sheet material are most desirable. When sa, plastic,v isvofy particular: gbonding; quality;` this 351. binding.

l-of. .the-mama. {Au this .selection .iieawithm the knowledge; and-discretion ofthosetversed inthe :plastic arts.

Fig. 1 shows, in cross section, the back ofabook 5' being-bound by dipping, in a plasticf ina: trough.

EfgrfZis-afperspective View. ofabook thus kbound. Figi-is-a cross-sectioned. sideview ofla mould, inwhich a--sheaf .of-` sheets .isl about toV be bound mina plastic. n

`:4. showsfthe .top-viewxof the said sheaf .f mounted on-.a plastic stand,4 as .it results from the 1.,-use of the mouldofFig. 3.

, Fig,` 5 Listhe cross-sectioned-view ofa mould, in

- which looseleaves are about .to be bound -into a -zbookwith covers. y

Eig..6 shows ajsectional-rear viewof the'bound,

.fopenbook. i

:`E?ig. 7 shows!across-section` of the bound, closed Fig-,8 isfa 4cross-section@siinilar to that-of Fig.

x5 of a mould inwhi'ch a `book is about to-be cast cinto acover. Y Y L :which-,a stitched or-sewed-book is being, -provided n with a casing having a-hollow back. I,

."Figs. :10: and 11 show, in atop `View and in a ccrossesectioned. side aview,-.l a separatesheet,`O for instance of the type ybound in'Fig. 3.

."Fig. 12 is a--section'al-elevation--of--part of a mould .with'a-cross-sectioned insert for casing the `.ihollowbackof the binding. j

Fig, 13=is the perspective view of-a mould-adapt- :ed`r and set lfor casing a' book-inl a -prefabricated fSimilar numerals refer '-to' V"similar parts throughout the 1various-views; invv referring hereinafter to the binding-or casing of the bookfop- .,positesides thereof may be called the top and bot- Attomjcovernand the `part extending over theedges i of the 'sheets-of a` book on one side thereof, in- -zterconnecting thei two-covers,- will4 be called the i aba'ckof Vthe bindingl or casing.

, :,Correspondingly the unboundbook or-stack of 5: :fsheets shows a top and bottom s idejit has a back i where the' back of the bindingorfcasing is applied 5to the.edges@ofthe-stackedY sheets,the edges of -L-'sheets on-L the. opposite side represent the front, iandrthef two remaining sides-of edges of sheets are .the ends-lof 'the stack of sheets'or book.l

- itFigs.2',."showsua simple embodimentofthe invention, in l which a stack ofhpaperA P isA bound by '5.a back-:iA- made1:of-plastic, saidl backv 4extending `@only -partwaysffrom the back--over-.the adjacent must be considered in the choicejoffthematerial lcsidesi ofithe .stack-f-oflpapers, i-.e.-'- over the top and bottom sides T of the stack and the ends E of the stack.

Fig. 1 shows an arrangement for making such a book, i. e. from a sheaf of records which are to be permanently bound together. The papers P are stacked so that they register; heavier, exible sheets may be used as top and bottom covers, if so desired. This stack of paper P is then clamped together. In a simple embodiment the clamp K comprises two registering flats F to be drawn together by wayA of a pair of screws S and wing nuts W, which are spaced apart to clear Yendwise the stack of papers P inserted between the flats F. As shown in Fig. 1 the stack of papers P is held together by clamp K near the back of the stack, so that the papers protrude downwardly to the predetermined width of a margin R from the clamp. The extent to which these protruding marginal portions R of paper P gape apart Will depend upon the pressure rapplied bythe clamp, but also upon the stiffness vof the sheets of paper P and that of the heavier top and bottom sheets, if heavier cover sheets .are ap- 'plied.f; 1

The rectangular depression of the mould M should be slightly deeper'than'the width of the marginal portions R of the paper P extending from cIamp'K. i The .depression of vthe'mould shouldv also be wider and longer than the crosssection of the stack of paper P, so that the'margin R extends clear of thewalls of thedepression of the mould M,.when clamp K containing the stacks of paper P is .centrally'deposit'ed upon 'the mould, as shownin Fig. l. When the margins Rof 'the paperP are thus inserted in the depression of mould M, and such depression conf tainsv alplastic, H in a highly liquid state, the

plastic engages upon and enters between the. gaping paper edges and rises substantially to the top of the depression. A suitable amount .ofthe V plastic may,V have .been reduced in the depression `,of the 'mould Mito a highly liquidstate, before the paper Was immersed, e. g. by the-application `ofY heat to the mould, -But liquid plastic' H may of course' also bepoured intol the depressionof the mould, after' the margin R of :the paper P has been deposited therein. W hen the plastic H has solidified, it may-have contracted andi drawn slightly away from the walls of the vmould,'so that the clampfand bound book may be'withdrawn.` But the side andend walls of.'` the depression of the mould may also; be slightly tapered in order to'facilitatewithdrawal.` i

After the removal of clamp K I have 'the' article of Fig. 2, in which the plastic casing 'covers .the back of-r the stack of sheets Tand extends for a short distance onto'the fouradjacent sides, i. e. top, bottom and ends of the' stack. The fact, that the easing also extends -over the ends of the stack, causes complete encirclementof thestack andthe grip of suchv casing around the stack is rendered particularly strong. But it is .understood, that if so desired,v the depression ofmould lVI may only have a .length corresponding to'that ofY the stack pff-papers P,'inwhich case the casing Ywill notextend over the ends,vbut only onto the top andbottom ofthe stackof papers. Correspondingly the casing may bel arranged to extend over only one of the ends of the 'stack of paper, andnot over the other end' thereof.

I The mould denes the outline of the casing, and. if the liquid plastic fills the depression up'to the bottom side of the flats F or clamp K, the

c asing is predeterminedly defined in all directlons, yIn a more complicated mould elements ,of the mould in a mouldingplastics.

corresponding to the clamping portions, i. e. the flats F of clamp K, may form part of the mould, so that all plastic is predeterminedly shaped in the enclosure of a cavity, as it will be discussed hereinafter.

Such moulds, as shown in Figs. 3, 5, 8, 9 and l2, may be suitably provided with channels, such as indicated at 2|, such channels serving to distribute the flow of the plastic to the various parts manner knownA in the art of A system of such channels may be suitably connected, e. g. at an intake 22,

to an injector apparatus, which presses the liquid plastic into the mould.

v'I'he part 23 of the mould 23, 24 of Fig. 3 provides a cavity down from the parting plane 25, of interconnected recesses 26, which serve to shape a base plate 21 for the pad shown in Fig. 4, said base plate being the bottom cover, in terms of a book. Rectangular clearance holes 28 may for instance beprovided in the base 21, these holes beingproduced by the lugs 29 extending between the/recessesV 26 of part 23 up to the level of the parting plane 23.

' The book may consist of a sheaf of sheets 38,

and a soft cardboard backing 3|'. It may have cutouts near one end, intovwhich filters and upon which engages the liquid plastic; Normally such cutouts are, however, not necessary, their usefulness being limited to thick books. A row of line perforations or a scoring 33 may facilitate the tearing .oif of sheets from the finished pad. Figs, 10 and 11 illustrate such a sheet 3|).

The part 24 of the mould is recessed down to a bottom 34, so thatjthe book 30, 3| is engaged between-said bottom 34 and the lugs 29 of the part 23'v of the mould, the bottom and-lugs thus corresponding in function to clamp K of Fig. l. Laterallyand downwardly, the sides of the recess in part 2 4 are cut to t the ends 35 and 36,'the fore edge or front 31 of -the book respectively. -Thefother end ofthe book,rwhich has been characterized as the back of the book by the perforavtions 32, extends into a space 38, in Which the head 39 of the pad is' moulded. In book terms the head 39 would be bottom cover of the book, but thev boundy book of Figs. 3 and 4, has, for instance, no casttop cover. f

The channels 2| may be arranged at the discretion of the designer experienced in the-art of y moulds.y While'theyare, for instance, shown in thejdr'awings in cross-sections of the mould, these distributing channelsof the mould may of course also .be harbored in the parting plane of the .mould v vi-After abook has been arrangedv in the mould ofFig. 3, .in the manner shown in said figure, the

liquidfplastic may be injected by way ofthe intake 22, will fill the recesses 26 and 38 described above, as Well as the cutouts 32 in the book, and may infiltrate upon the cardboard 3| at the bot- Atomof the book, so that .the moulded plastic Aengages upon the end of the book as well as the bottom thereof. If there are no cutouts 32', the

plasticgwill nevertheless infiltrate between and engage upon theportions of the book juttinginto the cavityfofhead 39,:because those portions gape inthe manner discussed concerning the marginal portion R of the books of Figs. l and 2.A

The nishedarticle is shown in Fig. '2 and serves as a Amemorandum or desk pad, or calendar, or similar articles known in the stationery fart.

stoor, e. 'g". shear lau, :as bound in the man@ of Fig. 5, will' have the' front coverf44, the botif I4 -'-that it*mayibepermeatediby liquid plastic enter- "fing uponthe periphery ofthe cavity 1I.

'Ihe part 90 of a mould, which-is thus adapted,

butwhich may otherwise be similar to part 14 ofrthe'"`mould of Fig. 9, is shown in Fig. 12.

-say ioffrnilll; may loe extended in vcavity V93 and;

"apseXtend therefrom into cavity 94, andthe corresponding opposite cavity for the bottom of i the'book, after they have passed ridges 99. After -ea'ch cast the insert 9 1 is" of course withdrawn from therback of vthe'boundv book.

y On the inside or the' plastic casing we rely upon the' bonding action of a plastic upon the sheets l of the book, and moreparticularly upon the bonding aotionvon the edges of the she'ets andlbetween the sheets where they are fanned" or-gaped-'apart "on account vof compression at a pointi removed from the 'edge of stack of sheets. rI he outsideof such a plastic'casing, more particularly'whe'n it'is cast in a clean mould, offers a smooth, finished surfacewhich is in particular useful in connection with bound books, because A,fit is rugged, keeps clean and is -readily cleaned,

{isfof good, appealing appearance, and oiers a f 'convenient grip for handling.

But excellent binding action oi' also useful, where other rparts of the'books such j? 'as 'the mull or lining referred to above', are engaged therebyy orwhere it is interengaged with parts ,of the binding material, such as i l 'bound book, as discussedein `ccnnectiofnV with Fig. 9, or as vtrhefbackV or corners of`a half-bound ifbockv-with the interposedparts of the respective 'cas jsloh as legends, as tlm-ilyA Were discussedin c ontini'elctioin withv the book of Figs; 5-7, when executed *in arnaterial different iroma'plastic, e. g. metal, were also readily bonded "by the plastic casing.

',IheyMare, forY instancepositio'nedin the moul g so `thatthey are cast right in/to theplastic. Tha

foplns many possibilities for` highly artistic" effects. These arrangements'have led to the'iurther object of binding 'part of the mould; permanently upon ,a book.` o Forsuch purpose l effected the cavity ofa part, which is made of plastic vor a` difierent material like metal, and which remains engaged upon a book. 'Ihe said `part is thus incorporatedfin the lbinding creas: `fing thereof.v This is embodied in Fig. 15,3: v ,"Fi'g. 13 shows an arrangementfor bindingv a by a plasticin abil-,shaped etai?? OffiSletSfa, trough or-piecev cf which is prefabricatedin a l substantially rigl "'"f-silent riletirial. The' doi-dashnes'b' indicat whe're-'fsh `a bound book, like the bookpfthe other'illustrations, may :subsequently be sliced ink a transverse direction, whereupon we obtain a plurality Aoiflziound, books, e'. g. three books accord:

i' ling to' lthe-illustration. Analogously itis within the plasticv is or casing madeof differentl theback'and corners of a half' namentation vand identifying means..

thejplastic moulding may be' i 60 though preferably slightlyreo the knowledge of'those acquainted with this art to provide a back upon each of the opposite sides 4 of a stack of sheets, and thus a doubly bound stack may be subsequently'sliced longitudinally, so that two boundbooks are obtained. i i vThe table'id has a clearance groove in which the stack of sheets may be positioned against the lateral ledgeeand'the prefabricated U-shaped i piece c 'is'positionedagainst lthe other lateral y for the front' cover lof the bock'both extend-up to f 1Q 'ledge In the clearance groove of the table d the Y said stack-a and U-shaped piece c may be pushed vagainst the front 'ledge g-which is, for the purposes ofthe drawings, partly sectioned away.

`@In the bottom side of the U-shapedpiece c an opening Vh, is provided substantially'at the center thereof, said opening issuing upon vthe inside Aof the -U-shaped piece c at a point, whence a Y plastic injected through said opening may dis- 2 tribute between vthe stack of papers andthe inside of said U -shape'd piece until subsequently all voids are filled in said-space. The rsaid opening h registers with the outlet of a pipe or conduit i mounted in tabled. Said pipe thus issues upon the'piece c .from the bottom, and serving as a connection with a supply of highly'liquid'plastic. This arrangement would still leave the U- i shaped V.piece c open ini the back, where it protrudes to the back from the-clearance groove of Vbeyond the shank's of "the U-shaped piece c.'

-table dp.- Thusa plasticiintroduced by way of pipe i'mightv escape there'and also to the left "The arrangement'shown in the drawings provides lan implement 7 for 'the purpose of closing these two avenues of -escape for a plastic, it being-understood that more .elaborate mechanical means may assume the function of this implement in accordance with the knowledge ofthose acquainted with this art', when this type of book binding is to be produced' by quantitymanufacturing. This implement y' comprises a front- `wa'rdly flat',"'vertical'back ange l frornwhich extends in"a normaldirectiony to the front the il -bladewhioh bears the" marking of the letter 9', the bottom edge' of Asaid bladebeing more particularlyr'at 'right angles withthat front portion of flan'g'e-I, which extends therebelow.

'l Whentheimplement y' is deposited in the position shown ontheidrawings upon the parts acvc'ommo'dated ihthelclearan'ce-groove on table d and itis pressed, 5for instance'by the hand of the operator, substantially in the direction indicated A by the arrow k, thefU-shaped piece c and the -f-stackl of sheets a abut in the front against the "'f-frontledge 9.1 'At the same time the ange l vcloseslthe'back of the U-shaped piece c and the bladeoff-implement y' presses theshanks of the U-shaped piece'c together, `so that the edges of those Shanks of the U-shaped piece c close upon :"Now the voids i fi the sheetsu. L

l lThe marginal portions of said sheets will gape 'or fan `apart,` however, where they extend into the-'U-shaped piecec.A

the `closure j thus provided `1in* the U-shap'ed piece'c maybe lled by a, liq- `uid plastic admittedthrough'pipe iand opening d' and will bond'the margin of stack of sheets a and-in the U-shaped piece c' when soudied,

whereuponpressure in the 'direction'. lc upon imvplementj 'maybe released.V The cased stack of sheets L'may then be removed from the table, U-

fsihap'e'd piece c willbfe` engaged thereon as a back,

landzthese parts may then be 'sliced along lines I b, thusA providing a plurality of books.

" "The restriction of the' flow of the liquid Apuisiti'cf-is-in this instance 'effected bybendmg the mold, the U-shaped piece c being here the respective part of the mould. This mode of restriction may be generally applied as alternative to an adjustable arrangement of the mould, as it was exemplarily illustrated in Fig. by articulating the mould, and by making the artculated parts of the mould slidable upon each other. In the arrangement of Fig. 5 the blade 53 is slidable in the parts 5| and 52 of the mould, so that said parts may be pushed towards each other to the extent desired for preventing the liquid plastic from entering too far between the stack of sheets which are wedged between said parts 5| and 52 of the mould, and for causing, on the other hand, a gaping, spreading or fanning of the back margin of the sheet extending into the cavity 51, so that the liquid plastic is received therebetween and eventually, when hardened, effectively wedges, aside from binding, the sheets in the bound book, thus preventing, that the sheets maybe individually pulled out.

Lastics are a sub-division of the plastics and are particularly so considered for the purposes of the instant invention, because they are especially useful for preparing exible bindings for books in accordance with the instant invention.

In the art of plastics the terms injecting, spraying, transferring, moulding, shaping, casting, setting, extruding, forming and others are sometimes used for distinguishing between different procedures to be used for reducing a plastic to the desired shape. Where such expressions ale used herein, such a particular distinctiou is not intended, but such procedures may interchangeably be applied for the instant purposes, as it is within the knowledge of those versed in this art.

As to the materials of the sheets of the book and concerning the shape of the binding of the book or of the bound book the broadest possible interpretation is to be applied herein, since the instant invention opens up, for instance, a field for many novel shapes of bound books, which depart from the conventional.

Having thus described my invention by Way of a few selected exemplary modifications, I do not wish to be limited thereby, except as the state of the art and the appended claims may require, for it is obvious that various modcations and changes may be made in the form of embodiment of my invention, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

What I claim is:

1. A bound book comprising stacked, solid sheets having substantially registering, uninterrupted edges on one of their sides, and a plastic back directly engaging upon and interconnecting said edges and extending as a casing onto adjacent sides of said stack.

2. A bound book comprising a stack of sheets gaping apart along a registering edge, and a plastic extending from the outside in between4 said sheets Where they gape apart and holding said sheets together and forming a complete back closing upon the adjacentl top and bottom sides of said stack of sheets.

3.V A bound book comprising a stack of sheets substantially registering upon at least two convening sides along their edges, and a plastic back directly engaged upon said sides of said sheets and extending on said stack from one of said sides onto the other.

4. A bound book comprising a stack of sheets aligned upon one side along their edges, and a plastic casing directly engaged upon said edges and extending from said one side onto the four adjacent sides of said stack.

5. A bound book comprising a stack of sheets, and a plastic back directly engaged upon and endlessly extending around a marginal portion of said Stack.

6. A binding in combination with a book, comprising a cast plastic covering the back and the bottom of and forming the casing of said book.

7. A binding in combination with a book, comprising a cast plastic extending upon and beyond the back and the bottom and forming the casing of said book,

8. A bound book, comprising sheets having cutouts near one of their edges, and a cast, substantially rigid plastic directly engaged upon said edges of said sheets and in said cutouts and forming the back of a casing for said book.

9. A bound book of sheets comprising a substantially rigid U-shaped back, and a plastic filling the spaces between and interengaging said back and the edges on one side of the sheets.

10. A bound book of sheets comprising a plastic U-shaped back and a plastic filling the spaces between and interengaging said back and the edges on one side of the sheets.

11. A binding in combination with a book and a lining on said book, comprising plastic covers cast upon said lining and hinged upon said book.

12. A binding in combination with a book, comprising a back, naps extending from said back, and plastic covers cast upon said flaps and hinged upon said book.

13. A binding in combination with a book and a lining on said book, comprising a hollow back, iiaps extending from said back, and plastic covers cast upon said lining and said aps and hinged upon said book.

14. A binding in combination with a book and a lining on said book, comprising a plastic cover and a plastic back, said lining being cast into said cover and said back.

15. The method of binding a book, comprising preparing a U-shaped back to t onto a book, inserting said book along one edge into said back, depressing the free longitudinal edges of said back onto said book, closing the opposite ends of said back and injecting a plastic bond into the closed back around the portion of the book inserted therein.

JOHN J. KREHBIEL. 

